testsAndMisc/linux_configuration/scripts/utils/convert_video.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -euo pipefail

# convert_video.sh
#
# Convert video files to a target format (mp4 or webm) using ffmpeg.
# Accepts either a single video file or a directory (will recurse into subdirectories).

# Source common library
SCRIPT_DIR="$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")"
# shellcheck source=../lib/common.sh
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/../lib/common.sh"

# Default settings
TARGET_FORMAT="mp4"
CRF="" # Will be set based on format if not specified
PRESET="medium"
DELETE_ORIGINAL=false
TARGET_PATH=""

# Video extensions to search for
ALL_VIDEO_EXTENSIONS=("mp4" "webm" "mkv" "avi" "mov" "wmv" "flv" "m4v" "mpg" "mpeg" "3gp" "ogv" "ts" "mts" "m2ts" "vob" "asf" "rm" "rmvb" "divx" "f4v")

usage() {
	cat <<EOF
Usage:
  $(basename "$0") [OPTIONS] PATH

Convert video files to mp4 or webm format using ffmpeg.
PATH can be a single video file or a directory (will recurse into subdirectories).

Options:
  -f FORMAT    Target format: mp4 or webm (default: mp4)
  -c CRF       Quality level (default: 23 for mp4, 30 for webm; lower = better)
  -p PRESET    Encoding preset (default: medium)
               Options: ultrafast, superfast, veryfast, faster, fast, medium, slow, slower, veryslow
  -d           Delete original file after successful conversion
  -h           Show this help

Examples:
  $(basename "$0") video.webm                    # Convert to mp4
  $(basename "$0") -f webm video.mp4             # Convert to webm
  $(basename "$0") /path/to/videos/              # Convert all videos in directory to mp4
  $(basename "$0") -f webm -c 25 -d /path/to/videos/
EOF
}

ensure_ffmpeg() {
	if ! command -v ffmpeg >/dev/null 2>&1; then
		echo "Error: 'ffmpeg' is not installed or not in PATH." >&2
		exit 1
	fi
}

get_video_extensions_except() {
	local exclude="$1"
	local exts=()
	for ext in "${ALL_VIDEO_EXTENSIONS[@]}"; do
		if [[ ${ext,,} != "${exclude,,}" ]]; then
			exts+=("$ext")
		fi
	done
	echo "${exts[@]}"
}

is_video_file() {
	local file="$1"
	local ext="${file##*.}"
	ext="${ext,,}" # lowercase

	for video_ext in "${ALL_VIDEO_EXTENSIONS[@]}"; do
		if [[ $ext == "${video_ext,,}" ]]; then
			return 0
		fi
	done
	return 1
}

convert_video() {
	local input_file="$1"
	local output_file="${input_file%.*}.${TARGET_FORMAT}"

	# Skip if output already exists
	if [[ -f $output_file ]]; then
		log "Skipping '$input_file': output '$output_file' already exists"
		return 0
	fi

	log "Converting '$input_file' -> '$output_file'"

	local ffmpeg_args=()
	ffmpeg_args+=(-hide_banner -loglevel warning -i "$input_file")

	if [[ $TARGET_FORMAT == "mp4" ]]; then
		# H.264 codec for video and AAC for audio (maximum compatibility)
		ffmpeg_args+=(-c:v libx264 -crf "$CRF" -preset "$PRESET")
		ffmpeg_args+=(-c:a aac -b:a 192k)
		ffmpeg_args+=(-movflags +faststart)
	elif [[ $TARGET_FORMAT == "webm" ]]; then
		# VP9 codec for video and Opus for audio
		ffmpeg_args+=(-c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf "$CRF" -b:v 0)
		ffmpeg_args+=(-c:a libopus -b:a 128k)
	fi

	ffmpeg_args+=("$output_file")

	if ffmpeg "${ffmpeg_args[@]}"; then
		log "Successfully converted '$input_file'"

		if [[ $DELETE_ORIGINAL == true ]]; then
			log "Deleting original: '$input_file'"
			rm "$input_file"
		fi
	else
		log "Error converting '$input_file'"
		[[ -f $output_file ]] && rm "$output_file"
		return 1
	fi
}

process_directory() {
	local dir="$1"
	local count=0
	local failed=0

	log "Searching for video files in '$dir'..."

	# Build find command dynamically
	local find_args=(-type f \()
	local first=true
	for ext in "${ALL_VIDEO_EXTENSIONS[@]}"; do
		if [[ ${ext,,} != "${TARGET_FORMAT,,}" ]]; then
			if [[ $first == true ]]; then
				first=false
			else
				find_args+=(-o)
			fi
			find_args+=(-iname "*.$ext")
		fi
	done
	find_args+=(\) -print0)

	while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do
		((count++)) || true
		if ! convert_video "$file"; then
			((failed++)) || true
		fi
	done < <(find "$dir" "${find_args[@]}" 2>/dev/null)

	log "Processed $count video file(s), $failed failed"

	if [[ $count -eq 0 ]]; then
		log "No video files found in '$dir'"
	fi
}

parse_args() {
	while getopts ":f:c:p:dh" opt; do
		case "$opt" in
		f)
			TARGET_FORMAT="${OPTARG,,}"
			if [[ $TARGET_FORMAT != "mp4" && $TARGET_FORMAT != "webm" ]]; then
				echo "Error: Format must be 'mp4' or 'webm'" >&2
				exit 1
			fi
			;;
		c) CRF="$OPTARG" ;;
		p) PRESET="$OPTARG" ;;
		d) DELETE_ORIGINAL=true ;;
		h)
			usage
			exit 0
			;;
		:)
			echo "Error: Option -$OPTARG requires an argument." >&2
			usage
			exit 1
			;;
		\?)
			echo "Error: Invalid option -$OPTARG" >&2
			usage
			exit 1
			;;
		esac
	done
	shift $((OPTIND - 1))

	if [[ $# -lt 1 ]]; then
		echo "Error: No path specified." >&2
		usage
		exit 1
	fi

	TARGET_PATH="$1"

	# Set default CRF based on format if not specified
	if [[ -z $CRF ]]; then
		if [[ $TARGET_FORMAT == "mp4" ]]; then
			CRF=23
		else
			CRF=30
		fi
	fi
}

main() {
	ensure_ffmpeg
	parse_args "$@"

	if [[ ! -e $TARGET_PATH ]]; then
		echo "Error: Path '$TARGET_PATH' does not exist." >&2
		exit 1
	fi

	if [[ -f $TARGET_PATH ]]; then
		# Single file
		if [[ ${TARGET_PATH,,} == *."$TARGET_FORMAT" ]]; then
			log "File '$TARGET_PATH' is already in $TARGET_FORMAT format, skipping."
			exit 0
		fi

		if is_video_file "$TARGET_PATH"; then
			convert_video "$TARGET_PATH"
		else
			echo "Error: '$TARGET_PATH' is not a recognized video file." >&2
			exit 1
		fi
	elif [[ -d $TARGET_PATH ]]; then
		process_directory "$TARGET_PATH"
	else
		echo "Error: '$TARGET_PATH' is neither a file nor a directory." >&2
		exit 1
	fi

	log "Done!"
}

main "$@"